Once the spinal cord is damaged, this damage is permanent. Currently, there is a lot of money invested in trying to find a 'cure' for Spinal Cord damage. However, presently the spinal cord is unable to repair itself, unlike other parts of the body.

The level of Spinal Cord damage (i.e. T10 or C5 for example) determines the extent of paralysis in the body: -

• Paraplegia (T1-S4) - paralysis of the legs, lower trunk & pelvic organs; &
• Quadriplegia (C1-C8) - paralysis of the legs, arms, trunk & pelvic organs.

Levels of injuries are not clear cut or identical in nature, so that each individual injury is different. The degree of paralysis, sensations of touch, temperature and pressure vary greatly between individuals. Paralysis also affects bowel and bladder functions, sexual function and breathing (in some neck injuries). Individuals can also have a complete or incomplete level of injury. A complete injury results in complete paralysis below the level of injury, whereas an incomplete injury equates to varied paralysis and sensations below the level of injury. It should be noted that some functions might return over time.

The most common causes of Spinal Cord injuries include: -

• Motor vehicle accidents;
• Motor bike accidents;
• Falls;
• Diving/Surfing accidents;
• Pedestrian accidents; &
• Sporting events.